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 &#x26;  chmod cheatsheet &#x26;  Quick Reference</title>
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这份快速参考备忘单提供了文件权限的简要概述，以及 chmod 命令的操作

入门，为开发人员分享快速参考备忘单。">
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<p>这份快速参考备忘单提供了文件权限的简要概述，以及 chmod 命令的操作</p>
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</svg></div><div class="menu-modal"><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve2 tocs-link" data-num="2" href="#入门">入门</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#语法">语法</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve4 tocs-link" data-num="4" href="#示例">示例</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve4 tocs-link" data-num="4" href="#递归更改文件和目录">递归更改文件和目录</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#chmod-生成器">Chmod 生成器</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#通用权限">通用权限</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#解释">解释</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve4 tocs-link" data-num="4" href="#dir-的权限分析">dir 的权限分析</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#权限模式">权限模式</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#objects">Objects</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#权限">权限</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#文件类型">文件类型</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve2 tocs-link" data-num="2" href="#chmod-示例">Chmod 示例</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#操作符">操作符</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#chmod-600">chmod 600</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#chmod-664">chmod 664</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#chmod-777">chmod 777</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#符号模式">符号模式</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#删除权限">删除权限</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#可执行文件">可执行文件</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#chmod-754">chmod 754</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve2 tocs-link" data-num="2" href="#chmod-实践">Chmod 实践</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#ssh-权限">SSH 权限</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#网络权限">网络权限</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve3 tocs-link" data-num="3" href="#批量更改">批量更改</a><a aria-hidden="true" class="leve2 tocs-link" data-num="2" href="#另见">另见</a></div></div><div class="h1wrap-body"><div class="wrap h2body-exist"><div class="wrap-header h2wrap"><h2 id="入门"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#入门"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>入门</h2><div class="wrap-body">
</div></div><div class="h2wrap-body"><div class="wrap h3body-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="语法"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#语法"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>语法</h3><div class="wrap-body">
<pre class="language-shell"><code class="language-shell code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">chmod</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>options<span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">&#x3C;</span>permissions<span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token operator">&#x3C;</span>file<span class="token operator">></span> 
</span></code></pre>
<h4 id="示例"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#示例"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>示例</h4>
<pre class="language-shell"><code class="language-shell code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">chmod</span> <span class="token number">755</span> foo.txt
</span><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">chmod</span> +x quickref.py
</span><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">chmod</span> u-x quickref.py
</span><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">chmod</span> <span class="token assign-left variable">u</span><span class="token operator">=</span>rwx,g<span class="token operator">=</span>rx,o<span class="token operator">=</span> quickref.sh
</span></code></pre>
<h4 id="递归更改文件和目录"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#递归更改文件和目录"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>递归更改文件和目录</h4>
<pre class="language-shell"><code class="language-shell code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">chmod</span> <span class="token parameter variable">-R</span> <span class="token number">755</span> my_directory
</span></code></pre>
<p><code>chmod</code> 命令代表“更改模式”</p>
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="chmod-生成器"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#chmod-生成器"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>Chmod 生成器</h3><div class="wrap-body">
<pre><div>
权限：<input type="text" id="num" placeholder="777" maxlength="3" style="padding: 0.3rem 0.3rem;"> <input type="text" id="let" placeholder="rwxrwxrwx" maxlength="9" style="padding: 0.3rem 0.3rem;">
</div>
</pre>
<hr>





























<table class="show-header"><thead><tr><th align="left"> </th><th align="left">User</th><th align="left">Group</th><th align="left">Other</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="left">读 <em>(Read)</em></td><td align="left"><input checked id="1" type="checkbox"></td><td align="left"><input checked id="4" type="checkbox"></td><td align="left"><input checked id="7" type="checkbox"></td></tr><tr><td align="left">写 <em>(Write)</em></td><td align="left"><input checked id="2" type="checkbox"></td><td align="left"><input checked id="5" type="checkbox"></td><td align="left"><input checked id="8" type="checkbox"></td></tr><tr><td align="left">执行 <em>(Execute)</em></td><td align="left"><input checked id="3" type="checkbox"></td><td align="left"><input checked id="6" type="checkbox"></td><td align="left"><input checked id="9" type="checkbox"></td></tr></tbody></table>
<!--rehype:className=show-header-->
<p>Chmod 生成器允许您以数字和符号的形式快速、直观地生成权限。</p>
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="通用权限"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#通用权限"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>通用权限</h3><div class="wrap-body">























































<table><thead><tr><th align="left">命令</th><th align="left">s</th><th align="left">含义</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="left"><code>400</code></td><td align="left">r--------</td><td align="left">仅所有者可读</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>500</code></td><td align="left">r-x------</td><td align="left">避免改变</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>600</code></td><td align="left">rw-------</td><td align="left">可由用户更改</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>644</code></td><td align="left">rw-r--r--</td><td align="left">由用户读取和更改</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>660</code></td><td align="left">rw-rw----</td><td align="left">可由用户和组更改</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>700</code></td><td align="left">rwx------</td><td align="left">只有用户具有完全访问权限</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>755</code></td><td align="left">rwxr-xr-x</td><td align="left">只能由用户更改</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>775</code></td><td align="left">rwxrwxr-x</td><td align="left">群组共享模式</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code>777</code></td><td align="left">rwxrwxrwx</td><td align="left">每个人都可以做任何事</td></tr></tbody></table>
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="解释"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#解释"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>解释</h3><div class="wrap-body">
<pre class="language-shell"><code class="language-shell code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">ls</span> <span class="token parameter variable">-l</span>
</span><span class="code-line">-rw-r--r--  <span class="token number">1</span> root root <span class="token number">3</span> Jun <span class="token number">29</span> <span class="token number">15</span>:35 a.log
</span><span class="code-line">drwxr-xr-x  <span class="token number">2</span> root root <span class="token number">2</span> Jun <span class="token number">30</span> <span class="token number">18</span>:06 <span class="token function">dir</span>
</span></code></pre>
<h4 id="dir-的权限分析"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#dir-的权限分析"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a><code>dir</code> 的权限分析</h4>
<pre class="language-text"><code class="language-text code-highlight"><span class="code-line">d  rwx  r-x  r-x
</span><span class="code-line">┬  ─┬─  ─┬─  ─┬─  
</span><span class="code-line">┆   ┆    ┆    ┆  
</span><span class="code-line">┆   ┆    ┆    ╰─ 4. Other｜5 (4+0+1)
</span><span class="code-line">┆   ┆    ╰────── 3. Group｜5 (4+0+1)
</span><span class="code-line">┆   ╰─────────── 2. User ｜7 (4+2+1)
</span><span class="code-line">╰─────────────── 1. File Type | directory
</span></code></pre>
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist col-span-2"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="权限模式"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#权限模式"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>权限模式</h3><div class="wrap-body">
<!--rehype:wrap-class=col-span-2-->



























































<table class="show-header"><thead><tr><th>权限</th><th>描述</th><th>八进制</th><th>十进制</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td><code>---</code></td><td>没有权限</td><td>000</td><td>0 (0+0+0)</td></tr><tr><td><code>--x</code></td><td>执行</td><td>001</td><td>1 (0+0+1)</td></tr><tr><td><code>-w-</code></td><td>写</td><td>010</td><td>2 (0+2+0)</td></tr><tr><td><code>-wx</code></td><td>执行和写入</td><td>011</td><td>3 (0+2+1)</td></tr><tr><td><code>r--</code></td><td>读</td><td>100</td><td>4 (4+0+0)</td></tr><tr><td><code>r-x</code></td><td>读取和执行</td><td>101</td><td>5 (4+0+1)</td></tr><tr><td><code>rw-</code></td><td>读和写</td><td>110</td><td>6 (4+2+0)</td></tr><tr><td><code>rwx</code></td><td>读取、写入和执行</td><td>111</td><td>7 (4+2+1)</td></tr></tbody></table>
<!--rehype:className=show-header-->
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="objects"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#objects"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>Objects</h3><div class="wrap-body">

























<table class="show-header"><thead><tr><th>谁（缩写）</th><th>含义</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td><code>u</code></td><td>用户</td></tr><tr><td><code>g</code></td><td>组</td></tr><tr><td><code>o</code></td><td>其它</td></tr><tr><td><code>a</code></td><td>全部，和 ugo 一样</td></tr></tbody></table>
<!--rehype:className=show-header-->
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="权限"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#权限"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>权限</h3><div class="wrap-body">






























<table class="show-header"><thead><tr><th>缩写</th><th>权限</th><th>值</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td><code>r</code></td><td>读</td><td>4</td></tr><tr><td><code>w</code></td><td>写</td><td>2</td></tr><tr><td><code>x</code></td><td>执行</td><td>1</td></tr><tr><td><code>-</code></td><td>没有权限</td><td>0</td></tr></tbody></table>
<!--rehype:className=show-header-->
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="文件类型"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#文件类型"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>文件类型</h3><div class="wrap-body">





















<table class="show-header"><thead><tr><th>缩写</th><th>文件类型</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td><code>d</code></td><td>目录</td></tr><tr><td><code>-</code></td><td>常规文件</td></tr><tr><td><code>l</code></td><td>符号链接</td></tr></tbody></table>
<!--rehype:className=show-header-->
</div></div></div></div></div><div class="wrap h2body-exist"><div class="wrap-header h2wrap"><h2 id="chmod-示例"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#chmod-示例"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>Chmod 示例</h2><div class="wrap-body">
</div></div><div class="h2wrap-body"><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="操作符"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#操作符"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>操作符</h3><div class="wrap-body">





















<table><thead><tr><th>Symbol</th><th>Description</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td><code>+</code></td><td>添加</td></tr><tr><td><code>-</code></td><td>删除</td></tr><tr><td><code>=</code></td><td>设置</td></tr></tbody></table>
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="chmod-600"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#chmod-600"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>chmod 600</h3><div class="wrap-body">
<pre class="language-shell"><code class="language-shell code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">chmod</span> <span class="token number">600</span> example.txt
</span><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">chmod</span> <span class="token assign-left variable">u</span><span class="token operator">=</span>rw,g<span class="token operator">=</span>,o<span class="token operator">=</span> example.txt
</span><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">chmod</span> a+rwx,u-x,g-rwx,o-rwx example.txt
</span></code></pre>
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="chmod-664"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#chmod-664"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>chmod 664</h3><div class="wrap-body">
<pre class="language-shell"><code class="language-shell code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">chmod</span> <span class="token number">664</span> example.txt
</span><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">chmod</span> <span class="token assign-left variable">u</span><span class="token operator">=</span>rw,g<span class="token operator">=</span>rw,o<span class="token operator">=</span>r example.txt
</span><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">chmod</span> a+rwx,u-x,g-x,o-wx example.txt
</span></code></pre>
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="chmod-777"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#chmod-777"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>chmod 777</h3><div class="wrap-body">
<pre class="language-shell"><code class="language-shell code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">chmod</span> <span class="token number">777</span> example.txt
</span><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">chmod</span> <span class="token assign-left variable">u</span><span class="token operator">=</span>rwx,g<span class="token operator">=</span>rwx,o<span class="token operator">=</span>rwx example.txt
</span><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">chmod</span> <span class="token assign-left variable">a</span><span class="token operator">=</span>rwx example.txt
</span></code></pre>
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist row-span-3"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="符号模式"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#符号模式"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>符号模式</h3><div class="wrap-body">
<!--rehype:wrap-class=row-span-3-->
<p>拒绝所有人的执行权限。</p>
<pre class="language-shell"><code class="language-shell code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">chmod</span> a-x chmodExampleFile.txt
</span></code></pre>
<p>向所有人授予读取权限。</p>
<pre class="language-shell"><code class="language-shell code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">chmod</span> a+r chmodExampleFile.txt
</span></code></pre>
<p>使文件可由组和其他人读写。</p>
<pre class="language-shell"><code class="language-shell code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">chmod</span> go+rw chmodExampleFile.txt
</span></code></pre>
<p>使用户/所有者可执行 shell。</p>
<pre class="language-shell"><code class="language-shell code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">chmod</span> u+x chmodExampleScript.sh
</span></code></pre>
<p>允许每个人读取、写入和执行文件并打开设置的 group-ID。</p>
<pre class="language-shell"><code class="language-shell code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">chmod</span> <span class="token operator">=</span>rwx,g+s chmodExampleScript.sh
</span></code></pre>
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist row-span-3"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="删除权限"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#删除权限"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>删除权限</h3><div class="wrap-body">
<!--rehype:wrap-class=row-span-3-->
<p>要删除赋予文件的读写权限，请使用以下语法：</p>
<pre class="language-shell"><code class="language-shell code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">chmod</span> o-rw example.txt
</span></code></pre>
<p>对于我们的文件 example.txt，我们可以通过运行以下命令使用 chmod for group 删除读写权限：</p>
<pre class="language-shell"><code class="language-shell code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">chmod</span>  g-rx example.txt
</span></code></pre>
<p>要从组中删除 chmod 读写权限，同时向 public/others 添加读写权限，我们可以使用以下命令：</p>
<pre class="language-shell"><code class="language-shell code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">chmod</span> g-rx, o+rx example.txt
</span></code></pre>
<p>但是，如果你想删除组和其他人的所有权限，你可以使用 go= 来代替：</p>
<pre class="language-shell"><code class="language-shell code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">chmod</span> <span class="token assign-left variable">go</span><span class="token operator">=</span> example.txt
</span></code></pre>
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="可执行文件"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#可执行文件"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>可执行文件</h3><div class="wrap-body">
<pre class="language-shell"><code class="language-shell code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">chmod</span> +x ~/example.py
</span><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">chmod</span> u+x ~/example.py
</span><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">chmod</span> a+x ~/example.py
</span></code></pre>
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="chmod-754"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#chmod-754"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>chmod 754</h3><div class="wrap-body">
<pre class="language-shell"><code class="language-shell code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">chmod</span> <span class="token number">754</span> foo.sh
</span><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">chmod</span> <span class="token assign-left variable">u</span><span class="token operator">=</span>rwx,g<span class="token operator">=</span>rx,o<span class="token operator">=</span>r foo.sh
</span></code></pre>
</div></div></div></div></div><div class="wrap h2body-exist"><div class="wrap-header h2wrap"><h2 id="chmod-实践"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#chmod-实践"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>Chmod 实践</h2><div class="wrap-body">
</div></div><div class="h2wrap-body"><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="ssh-权限"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#ssh-权限"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>SSH 权限</h3><div class="wrap-body">
<pre class="language-shell"><code class="language-shell code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">chmod</span> <span class="token number">700</span> ~/.ssh
</span><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">chmod</span> <span class="token number">600</span> ~/.ssh/authorized_keys
</span><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">chmod</span> <span class="token number">600</span> ~/.ssh/id_rsa
</span><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">chmod</span> <span class="token number">600</span> ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub
</span><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">chmod</span> <span class="token number">400</span> /path/to/access_key.pem
</span></code></pre>
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="网络权限"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#网络权限"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>网络权限</h3><div class="wrap-body">
<pre class="language-shell"><code class="language-shell code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">chmod</span> <span class="token parameter variable">-R</span> <span class="token number">644</span> /var/www/html/
</span><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">chmod</span> <span class="token number">644</span> .htaccess
</span><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">chmod</span> <span class="token number">644</span> robots.txt
</span><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">chmod</span> <span class="token number">755</span> /var/www/uploads/
</span><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">find</span> /var/www/html <span class="token parameter variable">-type</span> d <span class="token parameter variable">-exec</span> <span class="token function">chmod</span> <span class="token number">755</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">\</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span></code></pre>
</div></div></div><div class="wrap h3body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h3wrap"><h3 id="批量更改"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#批量更改"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>批量更改</h3><div class="wrap-body">
<pre class="language-shell"><code class="language-shell code-highlight"><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">chmod</span> <span class="token parameter variable">-R</span> <span class="token number">644</span> /your_path
</span><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">find</span> /path <span class="token parameter variable">-type</span> d <span class="token parameter variable">-exec</span> <span class="token function">chmod</span> <span class="token number">755</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">\</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span><span class="code-line">$ <span class="token function">find</span> /path <span class="token parameter variable">-type</span> f <span class="token parameter variable">-exec</span> <span class="token function">chmod</span> <span class="token number">644</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">\</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span></code></pre>
<p>请参阅：<a href="https://tldp.org/LDP/abs/html/commandsub.html">命令替换</a></p>
</div></div></div></div></div><div class="wrap h2body-not-exist"><div class="wrap-header h2wrap"><h2 id="另见"><a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#另见"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>另见</h2><div class="wrap-body">
<ul>
<li><a href="https://www.linode.com/docs/guides/modify-file-permissions-with-chmod/">使用 chmod 修改文件权限</a> <em>(linode.com)</em></li>
</ul>

<pre><!-- Chmod 生成器 JS 代码 -->
<script type="text/javascript">
  const reg_num = /^[0-7]{3}$/; // 一些正则表达式来检查 num 输入
  const reg_let = /^([r\-]{1}[w\-]{1}[x\-]{1}){3}$/; // 一些正则表达式来检查文本输入
  function checkBoxHandle() {
    change_occured(true, false, false);
    // get rid of bad input classes
    document.getElementById('num').classList.remove('bad-input');
    document.getElementById('let').classList.remove('bad-input');
  }
  window.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded", function () {
    // loop over all the check boxes
    for (let i = 1; i < 10; i++) {
      let checkBox = document.getElementById(`${i}`);
      checkBox.addEventListener('change', function () {
        change_occured(true, false, false);

        // get rid of bad input classes
        document.getElementById('num').classList.remove('bad-input');

        document.getElementById('let').classList.remove('bad-input');
      });
    }
    // the octal input
    let num_input = document.getElementById('num');
    let num_fn = function () {
      // check for bad input
      if (!reg_num.test(this.value)) {
        this.classList.add('bad-input');
      } else {
        this.classList.remove('bad-input');
        change_occured(false, true, false);
      }
    };
    num_input.addEventListener('change', num_fn);
    num_input.addEventListener('keyup', num_fn);
    // the let input
    let let_input = document.getElementById('let');
    let let_fn = function () {
      // check for bad input
      if (!reg_let.test(this.value)) {
        this.classList.add('bad-input');
      } else {
        this.classList.remove('bad-input');
        change_occured(false, false, true);
      }
    };
    let_input.addEventListener('change',let_fn);
    let_input.addEventListener('keyup',let_fn);
  });
  /* SETUP
  r-4-1  r-4-4  r-4-7
  w-2-2  w-2-5  w-2-8
  x-1-3  x-1-6  x-1-9
  */
  // define a function that runs when a change occures
  function change_occured(caller_was_check, caller_was_num, caller_was_let) {
    let num1 = 0, num2 = 0, num3 = 0; // these are the three numbers for the octal
    let perm_string = ''; // holds the permision string ex. rw-x--r--
    if (caller_was_check) {
      // loop over all the check boxes and get the permisions
      for (let i = 1; i < 10; i++) {
        let checkBox = document.getElementById(`${i}`);
        if (checkBox.checked) { // if checked
          let current_perm = check_to_octal_and_text(i);
          perm_string += `${current_perm.perm_let}`;
          if (i <= 3) {
            num1 += current_perm.perm_num;
          } else if (i <= 6) {
            num2 += current_perm.perm_num;
          } else {
            num3 += current_perm.perm_num;
          }
        } else { // if not checked
          perm_string += '-';
        }
      }
      // set the permision input text
      document.getElementById('let').value = perm_string;
      document.getElementById('num').value = `${num1}${num2}${num3}`;
    } else if (caller_was_num) {
      // get the individual numbers
      let num_input_val = document.getElementById('num').value;
      num1 = num_input_val.substring(0, 1);
      num2 = num_input_val.substring(1, 2);
      num3 = num_input_val.substring(2, 3);
      // set the checkboxes and get the perm string
      perm_string += octal_to_check_and_txt(num1, 0); //Owner
      perm_string += octal_to_check_and_txt(num2, 1); //Owner
      perm_string += octal_to_check_and_txt(num3, 2); //Owner
      // set the permision input text
      document.getElementById('let').value = perm_string;
    } else if (caller_was_let) {
      // get the text input
      let perm_text = document.getElementById('let').value;
      num1 = text_to_check_and_octal(perm_text.substring(0, 3), 0)
      num2 = text_to_check_and_octal(perm_text.substring(3, 6), 3)
      num3 = text_to_check_and_octal(perm_text.substring(6, 9), 6)
      // set the octal value
      document.getElementById('num').value = `${num1}${num2}${num3}`;
    }
  }
  // define a function to converts the checkbox # to the respective permissions
  // returns perm_num, perm_let
  function check_to_octal_and_text(check_num) {
    let perm_num = 0;
    let perm_let = '-';
    switch (check_num) {
      case 1:
      case 4:
      case 7:
        perm_num = 4;
        perm_let = 'r';
        break;
      case 2:
      case 5:
      case 8:
        perm_num = 2;
        perm_let = 'w';
        break;
      case 3:
      case 6:
      case 9:
        perm_num = 1;
        perm_let = 'x';
        break;
      default:
        perm_num = 0;
        perm_let = '-';
    }
    // return values
    return {
      perm_num,
      perm_let
    };
  }
  /**
   Takes a number 1-7 and which class it is in:
   0 = owner
   1 = Group
   2 = Public
   Returns: perm text (ex. "rwx") and sets the appropriate checkboxes
   */
  function octal_to_check_and_txt(octal_num, class_num) {
    let perm_text = '';
    let offset = class_num * 3;
    switch (octal_num) {
      case '1':
        document.getElementById(`${1 + offset}`).checked = false;
        document.getElementById(`${2 + offset}`).checked = false;
        document.getElementById(`${3 + offset}`).checked = true;
        perm_text = '--x';
        break;
      case '2':
        document.getElementById(`${1 + offset}`).checked = false;
        document.getElementById(`${2 + offset}`).checked = true;
        document.getElementById(`${3 + offset}`).checked = false;
        perm_text = '-w-';
        break;
      case '3':
        document.getElementById(`${1 + offset}`).checked = false;
        document.getElementById(`${2 + offset}`).checked = true;
        document.getElementById(`${3 + offset}`).checked = true;
        perm_text = '-wx';
        break;
      case '4':
        document.getElementById(`${1 + offset}`).checked = true;
        document.getElementById(`${2 + offset}`).checked = false;
        document.getElementById(`${3 + offset}`).checked = false;
        perm_text = 'r--';
        break;
      case '5':
        document.getElementById(`${1 + offset}`).checked = true;
        document.getElementById(`${2 + offset}`).checked = false;
        document.getElementById(`${3 + offset}`).checked = true;
        perm_text = 'r-x';
        break;
      case '6':
        document.getElementById(`${1 + offset}`).checked = true;
        document.getElementById(`${2 + offset}`).checked = true;
        document.getElementById(`${3 + offset}`).checked = false;
        perm_text = 'rw-';
        break;
      case '7':
        document.getElementById(`${1 + offset}`).checked = true;
        document.getElementById(`${2 + offset}`).checked = true;
        document.getElementById(`${3 + offset}`).checked = true;
        perm_text = 'rwx';
        break;
      default:
        document.getElementById(`${1 + offset}`).checked = false;
        document.getElementById(`${2 + offset}`).checked = false;
        document.getElementById(`${3 + offset}`).checked = false;
        perm_text = '---';
    }
    return perm_text;
  }
  /**
   Takes 3 letters (r, w, x, -    ex. 'rw-') and an offset (0,3,6)
   Returns the octal num and sets the appropriate checkboxes
   */
  function text_to_check_and_octal(letters, offset) {
    let perm_num = 0; // the octal number to return
    // add up the oct num and set the check boxes
    for (let i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
      current_let = letters.substring(i, i + 1);
      if (current_let == 'r') {
        document.getElementById(`${i + 1 + offset}`).checked = true;
        perm_num += 4;
      } else if (current_let == 'w') {
        document.getElementById(`${i + 1 + offset}`).checked = true;
        perm_num += 2;
      } else if (current_let == 'x') {
        document.getElementById(`${i + 1 + offset}`).checked = true;
        perm_num += 1;
      } else {
        document.getElementById(`${i + 1 + offset}`).checked = false;
      }
    }
    return perm_num;
  }
</script>
</pre>
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